АГРАРНЕ ПИТАННЯ В ТЕОРІЇ ТА ПРАКТИЦІ УПРАВЛІНСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ М. БУНГЕ: ФІНАНСОВО-ПРАВОВИЙ АСПЕКТ

Abstract

Introduction. The thorough theoretical works and
managerial measures of solving the agrarian question
in the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX
century that were developed and implemented by
M. Bunge (1823-1895), are relevant at the present stage
in reforming land ownership in Ukraine.
Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyse the
development of the main theoretical views of M. Bunge
on agrarian relations and his attempts at practical
implementation of scientific developments in state
activity.
Results. It was researched that in M. Bunge’s
concept the agrarian question covered a wide range of
problems: land tenure, land use and land ownership;
organization of repurchase transactions through credit;
adaptation of the rural economy to the new market
conditions of the management; modification of the
feudal tax system. The article analyses how M. Bunge
while being the Minister of Finance of the Russian
Empire interpreted these problems and what ways of
solving them he suggested and implemented. It is shown
that the financial and economic regulation of the
agrarian question determined the dynamics of the
adoption of new laws.
Originality. The development of M. Bunge’s
scientific views on the agrarian question and the
practical realization of these views in practice of
managerial financial and economic activity are
generalized and systematized for the first time. It is
proved that M. Bunge’s approach to the agrarian
question was complex, reflected the interrelation of the
rural question with various tasks of the internal socioeconomic policy of the empire and covered the problems
of the agrarian sphere as a whole. The deviation of the
practice of reforming agrarian relations from the legal
norms and the influence of subjective factors on the
legal framework are shown.
Conclusion. A thorough theoretical foundation and
critical analysis of the financial and legal policies of
Western countries contributed to the formation of
M. Bunge’s own program of agrarian transformation.
His scientific views evolved from the classical political
economy regulations to more active state intervention
in solving the problems of agrarian sphere. In
M. Bunge’s conception, the agrarian question covered
a wide range of problems and was connected with
various directions of the internal policy of the state
and the corresponding legislative base