Solution of the agrarian issue in central Ukraine at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century
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Abstract
Abstract. The purpose of the article is to analyze approaches to solving the agrarian issue in Central Ukraine in the postreform
period of 1880–1917.
Scientific novelty is in the coverage of agrarian reforms in the territory of Central Ukraine, one of the least studied in
Ukrainian historiography, in the 80s of the 19th – early 20th centuries. and the analysis of their impact on solving the problem
of landlessness and landlessness of the Ukrainian peasantry, increasing the productivity of peasant farms. Also, little-known
documents on the history of agrarian relations in Ukraine are introduced into scientific circulation in the original author’s
interpretation.
Conclusions. The focus of the article is on various aspects of socio-economic development at the end of the 19th
century - the first quarter of the 20th century. In the 80s-90s of the 19th century, significant economic experiments aimed
at solving the agrarian issue and satisfying the economic needs of the peasantry took place in Central Ukraine. They were
initiated by both government representatives – zemstvo officials, and public figures, for example, M. Levitsky.
These attempts had partial economic success: the peasantry of the Kherson, Katerynoslav, Kyiv, and Poltava provinces
had larger land holdings than in other territories and were distinguished by greater entrepreneurial initiative, as evidenced by
their support for the cooperative movement. The peculiarities of agrarian relations in Central Ukraine at the end of the 19th
and beginning of the 20th centuries have been identified.
Despite the significant influence of the land reforms of the late 19th – early 20th centuries and the economic experiments
of M. Levitsky, they could not radically affect the improvement of the economic situation of the Ukrainian peasantry. According
to S. Rudnytsky, a contemporary and researcher of these processes, the low level of education of the Ukrainian peasantry,
landlessness and landlessness, significant landlord and communal land ownership became the main reasons for the participation of Ukrainian peasants in the revolutionary processes of 1917–1922.
Article Details
References
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