The Ukrainian peasant on the historical map of Europe
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Abstract
Abstract. The purpose of the article is to draw attention to a question that, in the author’s opinion, has not yet received
proper coverage: when, in fact, the peasant whose figure is chosen as the main character of the scientific professional publication – the journal «Ukrainian Peasant» – entered the historical arena.
The scientific novelty. The experience of Western agrarian historians is summarized, the features of the «new agrarian
history» and the content of the new «peasant-centred» paradigm of history are revealed. The concept of periodization of the
history of the Ukrainian peasantry is proposed. On the basis of reflections on the social nature of the peasantry and its place in
society, the concept of the concept of «Ukrainian peasant» is developed.
Conclusions. As the experience of historians of Western schools shows, for a full answer to the question posed, it is
necessary to carry out a broad program of special research using the technologies of experimental archaeology, «rural archaeology
», landscape history, gender history, history of everyday life, semiotic interpretation, and local history. In the absence
of a sufficient empirical base, we can only rely on a preliminary essay of the time of birth of the historical phenomenon of the
Ukrainian peasant.
It must be taken into account that peasants appear in the sources under their own name for the first time in the collection
«Rights by which the Little Russian People are judged» of 1743 – a kind of legal code of the Hetmanate. Among Ukrainian
intellectuals, the term «peasants» was first used by Panteleimon Kulish and Volodymyr Antonovych.
It should be assumed that the formation of a full-fledged holistic peasant type in Ukraine lasted until the end of the 17th
century. The prerequisite for the next step in the formation of peasant identity, this time continuous, was the abolition of serfdom in the 19th century. The Ukrainian peasantry appears most clearly in the period between 1902 and 1932.
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References
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