Scientific Approaches to the Culture of Farming in Large Farms at the Turn of the 19th–20th centuries
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Abstract
The purpose of the article study is to determine the goals, scope, and effectiveness of the introduction of
scientific approaches introduction to agriculture in large landowners` estates.
Scientific novelty of the research results. The scientific literature has already covered the application and dissemination
of research agricultural practices initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture, country council, agricultural societies, and private
individuals. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the study of experimental agriculture organization on the farms
of large landowners.
The methodological basis of the study is the principles of scientific objectivity, historicism, and systematicity in synergy
with general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical (historical-typological, historical-genetic,
historical-biographical) methods.
Conclusions. Research agricultural institutions were intended to raise the overall level of agricultural production. In
the Ukrainian provinces, research agricultural institutions were established in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, and at
the beginning of the twentieth century there were more than 100 of them. Research institutions were aimed at studying natural
conditions that influenced the overall level of agriculture. Several types of research institutions were practiced: research
stations, research fields, research farms, demonstration fields and farms.
Experimental plots were used to test wheat for drought resistance and yield, and to conduct selection work with cereals
and industrial crops, primarily beets. The purpose of the agricultural experiments was to develop the most acceptable field
culture techniques and to meet the needs of specific farms for productive seed material. However, the influence of scientific
approaches to agriculture was not limited to the large farms where they were practiced, but also spread to neighboring peasant farms. The activity of the owners of large estates – L. Simyrenko, F. Falz-Fein, O. Bobrynskyi – was determined not only by economic expediency, but also by the desire for something new, which corresponded to the needs of the time and increased
intensity of management
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