“Strata of conscious peasant intelligentsia”: the cooperative movement of the first decades of the 20th century – the sphere of social mobility of the Ukrainian peasantry and the formation of a new sociocultural type of intelligentsia
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Abstract
The purpose of the article is to show the formation of an intellectual stratum of representatives
of the peasantry in the cooperative movement of the first decades of the 20th century and the nature of its social
culture.
Scientific novelty. The cooperative movement is shown as a sphere in which representatives of the peasantry
acquired the social status of the intelligentsia with specific cultural features.
Conclusions. The cooperative movement of the first decades of the 20th century was a sphere in which the
cooperative peasantry mastered organizational and managerial activities, new achievements in education and
culture, and acquired the social status of the intelligentsia.
The cooperative movement objectively created conditions for the formation of the necessary professional
personnel from among representatives of the peasantry, capable of working in cooperative organizations. Peasant
cooperatives promoted peasants who were capable of organizational work and socially responsible to leadership
positions. Cooperative organizations, public organizations, and self-government bodies created courses and
educational institutions to train specialists for cooperation, which also contributed to the growth of the general
educational and cultural level of the students. The social composition of the cooperative, the elective principles of
forming its governing bodies, and the system of cooperative education created conditions for representatives of the
cooperative peasantry to acquire the social status of the intelligentsia.
Formed from representatives of the peasantry, the intelligentsia had specific characteristics: it possessed
skills in public, cooperative, and managerial activities, saw its social mission in serving the people, and was
dependent on them. Contemporaries identified it as a specific cultural type of intelligentsia, as an independent
social class – the peasant intelligentsia. The emergence of the peasant intelligentsia was objectively caused by the
existence of cooperation as an economic system, which led to changes in the social structure of society.
Article Details
References
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