Participation of private and rented enterprises in agricultural processing products in the years of NEP in Ukraine
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Abstract
The aim of the paper is to show the evolution of the development of private and rented entrepreneurship in the
field of agricultural processing during the NEP years.
The scientific novelty of the article consists in highlighting the realities of private production in agricultural sectors
and the strategy of the Soviet power of the Bolsheviks to gradually displace and destroy it. Rent and other economic factors in
the leather and food industries, which were mostly agricultural in nature, are considered. In order to guarantee a high level of rent and interest the entrepreneur in increasing production, modernization of equipment gubradnarkhoziv established a mandatory minimum of it in comparison with the pre-war period. In terms of their size and technical equipment, private and rental enterprises were inferior to state-owned ones, and very often they did not have any mechanical engines. At the same
time, their labor productivity was 1.7 - 2 times higher. Additional profit at private and leased Enterprises was obtained by increasing the working day to 10, 12, and sometimes up to 16 hours, reducing the lunch break, using child and women’s labor for reduced wages, saving money due to non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic working conditions. As a rule, a piecework form of remuneration was used. The amount of wages was set depending on individual output. Private traders more carefully
selected the personnel of workers. Wage s were 15-60% higher than in state-owned enterprises, while entrepreneurs organized the production cycle in such a way that workers worked with greater intensity, sometimes overtime at no extra charge.
Conclusions. Having failed to win a competitive competition, the Soviet state abandoned economic methods of combating private entrepreneurship in these industries and begins to use purely administrative, strong-willed methods. Thus, at the beginning of 1926, tariffs for railway transportation for private enterprises of these industries were tripled. The people’s
Commissariat of Railways of the USSR was recommended not only to limit their maintenance, but even to refuse private owners this. State and cooperative organizations were forbidden to sell grain, leather and other raw materials to private owners, and they were generally deprived of the opportunity to get loans. Local authorities were given the task: to look for ways to break agreements for the lease of Mills, scourers and creameries. As a result of this policy, there is a sharp reduction in private production in these industries and a decrease in its relative and absolute share in the national economy.
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