Between the two reforms: the Ukrainian peasantry in the migration movements of the last third of the 19th - early 20th century
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Abstract
The purpose of the proposed research is a comprehensive analysis based on documentary (mainly archival) sources of the main factors, course and features of external migrations of the Ukrainian peasantry within the Russian Empire in the period between the two reforms: Selyanskaya (1861) and Stolypinskaya (1906).
The scientific novelty of the publication is a complex approach to the study of the social phenomenon of migration movements and the specification of events and phenomena.
Conclusions. Migration movements became almost the main feature of the socio-economic development of the Russian Empire in the period between the peasant and Stolypin reforms, and they involved a significant part of the Ukrainian peasantry. These mass migrations to the south and east were caused by a number of factors and motives, took place in several stages, with different intensities. In view of the large scale of resettlement, the tsarist authorities developed and ensured the implementation of the corresponding state policy, which often ran counter to the demands of the peasants. Despite the hopes of the authorities, migration did not fully solve the problem of land hunger in the Ukrainian provinces, and therefore did not reduce the severity of social contradictions. This became one of the main reasons for the subsequent revolutionary upheavals, which ultimately led to the dismantling of the prevailing industrial relations and the overthrow of the autocracy.
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References
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