Peasant issues on the pages of the yearbook «Historical Calendar-Almanac of the Red Guelder Rose» (1922–1939).
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Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the research is to study observations of various aspects of life and activities of the
peasantry in Naddniprianska Ukraine, made by the soldiers of the Galician units, participants of the national liberation
movement of 1917–1920 in the «Greater Ukraine», reflected in the texts of the periodical «Chervona Kalyna Historical
Calendar-Almanac» (1922–1939).
Scientific novelty. For the first time, the author of the article analyses problems and the content in periodical publications on peasant studies in the period of 1917–1920.
Conclusion. In this article, we define a certain circle of authors writing for the «Historical Calendar-Almanac of the
Red Guelder Rose», who published materials on peasant topics. By genre, these articles belong to war memoirs. Based on the origin of the authors and their affiliation to certain military formations, we have distinguished the following groups of authors: soldiers of the Austro-Hungarian army and the Sich Riflemen Legion (prisoners of war and active servicemen); emigrant peasants; foremen and riflemen of the Sich Riflemen «from Kyiv» and Ukrainian Galician Army. It has been established that the circle of contributors to the calendar-almanac is significantly different from the collective of authors of the «Chervona
Kalyna the Chronicle». The publications of the «Historical Calendar-Almanac of the Red Guelder Rose» logically fall into four sets defined by the problematics: the first group of works describes peasants managing farming in the conditions of the First World War and in 1917 – early 1918, the peasant-landlord relationships; the second group highlights the influence of the Bolshevik propaganda
on peasants’ worldview and trends among them at the beginning of 1918; the third group of posts is devoted to the interaction of the Sich Riflemen Legion with the peasantry of the Naddniprianshchyna region (February – September 1918); the fourth group of articles highlights the relations of Galicians (Sich Riflemen «from Kyiv» and Ukrainian Galician Army) with the peasantry in 1919–1920.
It is established that the authors of the memoirs revealed the course and culminating aspects of the peasant revolution, in particular, the wars between villages for the land that used to belong to landlords, the creation of the first collective farms, compensation for losses to landowners, consequences of the land ownership eradication for the landlords. Military Galicians
became witnesses and active participants in the formation of the peasant mindset on the basis of the national system of values – just as the peasants of the Naddniprianska Ukraine, pro-Bolshevik at the beginning of 1918, were actively opposing the Bolsheviks and helping the Ukrainian army at the end of 1919 – the beginning of 1920. Articles in the «Chervona Kalyna" Historical Calendar-Almanac» serve as an additional source for the study of the peasant revolution in Naddniprianska Ukraine.
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References
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