Ukrainian Peasant
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/
<div align="justify"> <p><a class="img-link" target="_blank"><img class="img-responsive" style="float: left; margin: 5px 10px 5px 0;" title="Ukrainian Peasant" src="https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/public/site/villager1.jpg" alt="Ukrainian Peasant" /></a>"Ukrainian peasant" is th<span lang="EN-GB">e collection of scientific works on the agrarian history, peasantry history, particularly of historiography, methodology, source studies, as well as the historical development of peasantry at the main stages of the history development.</span></p> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">For a wide range of specialists in Humanities, teachers, post-graduate students, students and everyone, who is interested in agrarian history.</span></strong></p> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Established in: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">2000</span></p> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">ISSN:<a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2413-8142" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> </a></span></strong><a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2413-8142" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span lang="EN-GB">2413-8142</span></a> (Print)</p> <p class="help-block"> <strong><a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2788-5364"> </a></strong><a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2788-5364">2788-5364</a> (Online)</p> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">State registration certificate: </span></strong><a href="http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?C21COM=2&I21DBN=UJRN&P21DBN=UJRN&Z21ID=&Image_file_name=IMG%2FUkrsel_s.jpg&IMAGE_FILE_DOWNLOAD=0> EN-GB">KV No. 16452-4924R dated 02.02.2010</a></p> <p class="help-block"><strong>Extract from the Register of Subjects in the Field of Media Registrants: <a href="http://ndis.cdu.edu.ua/index.php/zbirnyk-ukrainskyi-selianyn-otrymav-status-subiekta-u-sferi-drukovanykh-media">R30-01519 (<span class="Y2IQFc" lang="en">decision №1224 dated 31.10.2023).</span></a></strong></p> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Specialized scientific publication registration at the State Accrediting Committee of Ukraine: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">The Decision of the Higher Attestation Committee dated 22.12.2010 No. 1-05/8 (Bulletin of the Higher Attestation Committee of Ukraine, 2011. </span><span lang="AR-SA">– </span><span lang="EN-GB">No. 2);</span>Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine №1238, December 21, 2015; <a href="http://nfv.ukrintei.ua/view/5b1925e27847426a2d0ab712">Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine №1301, October 15, 2019.</a></p> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Specialty according to State Accrediting Committee: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">07 </span><span lang="AR-SA">– </span><span lang="EN-GB">Historical Sciences</span></p> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Frequency: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">two times per year</span></p> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Language of the publication: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">mixed languages: Ukrainian, Polish, English</span></p> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Founder: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy.</span></p> <p class="help-block"><span lang="EN-GB">The publication is organized with the support of the Scientific Society of Historians-Agrarians and the Research Institute of the Peasant and the Study of Agrarian History.</span></p> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Executive editor: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor<strong> <a href="http://www.researcherid.com/rid/U-4291-2018"> Serhii Kornovenko</a></strong></span></p> (Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy, Ukraine)<span lang="UK">.</span> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Deputy executive editors: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB">Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor </span></span><strong><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://scholar.google.com.ua/citations?user=9iwz9BsAAAAJ&hl=uk&oi=aoo">Anatoliy Morozov</a> </span></span></strong><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB">(Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy, Ukraine)</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="UK">.</span></span></span></p> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Executive secretary:</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-GB">Candidate of Historical Sciences</span><strong><span lang="EN-GB"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7357-7623">Yulia Pasichna</a>, </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">(</span><span lang="EN-GB">Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy, Ukraine).</span></p> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Editorial office address: </span></strong></span></strong><span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB">81 Shevchenko Blvd., Cherkasy</span></span></p> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Telephone: </span></strong><span lang="EN-GB">+38</span><span lang="EN-GB">097-211-15-37</span></p> <p class="help-block"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">E-mail: <a href="mailto:ukr.peasant1@gmail.com">ukr.peasant1@gmail.com</a></span></strong></p> <p class="help-block"><strong>Publication web-site address (URL):</strong> <a target="_blank">http://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua</a></p> </div>Черкаський національний університет імені Богдана Хмельницькогоen-USUkrainian Peasant2413-8142Economic activities as everyday practices of the nobility in the left bank of Ukraine in the first half of the 19th century
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4896
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Purpose. </span><span class="fontstyle2">Using the materials of the nobility of the Left-Bank Ukraine in the first half of the 19th century, show<br>how daily life trajectories were built through economic activities in the conditions set by the structures of modernization.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusion. </span><span class="fontstyle2">In the new socio-cultural and economic conditions of the first half of the 19th century, economic activities<br>became an integral part of the daily life of the Ukrainian noble class. This led to the development of a new type of experimental<br>landlord, whose life strategies were connected with entrepreneurial activity in various sectors of the economy. This required the<br>enrichment of experience through the exchange of information via various economic publications. Such noble landlords actively combined economic activities with literary creativity on economic topics. Examples of the daily life of active experimental landlords, gentleman-farmers, and educated landowners are able to challenge the still prevalent stereotype of noble life, which is often imagined as being solely focused on entertainment, gambling, and exploiting peasant subjects. The necessity of enriching the structure of the history of everyday life through the economic component is emphasized. This will also allow for a better understanding of the social and intellectual situation in the Ukrainian regions during the pre-reform era and change perceptions of the nobility as betrayers of the interests of their own people.</span> </p>Tetiana LytvynovaOleh Malyshko
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-Lytvynova-MalyshkoScientific Approaches to the Culture of Farming in Large Farms at the Turn of the 19th–20th centuries
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4897
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose </span><span class="fontstyle2">of the article study is to determine the goals, scope, and effectiveness of the introduction of<br>scientific approaches introduction to agriculture in large landowners` estates.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Scientific novelty </span><span class="fontstyle2">of the research results. The scientific literature has already covered the application and dissemination<br>of research agricultural practices initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture, country council, agricultural societies, and private<br>individuals. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the study of experimental agriculture organization on the farms<br>of large landowners.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">The methodological basis </span><span class="fontstyle2">of the study is the principles of scientific objectivity, historicism, and systematicity in synergy<br>with general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical (historical-typological, historical-genetic,<br>historical-biographical) methods.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions. </span><span class="fontstyle2">Research agricultural institutions were intended to raise the overall level of agricultural production. In<br>the Ukrainian provinces, research agricultural institutions were established in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, and at<br>the beginning of the twentieth century there were more than 100 of them. Research institutions were aimed at studying natural<br>conditions that influenced the overall level of agriculture. Several types of research institutions were practiced: research<br>stations, research fields, research farms, demonstration fields and farms.<br>Experimental plots were used to test wheat for drought resistance and yield, and to conduct selection work with cereals<br>and industrial crops, primarily beets. The purpose of the agricultural experiments was to develop the most acceptable field<br>culture techniques and to meet the needs of specific farms for productive seed material. However, the influence of scientific<br>approaches to agriculture was not limited to the large farms where they were practiced, but also spread to neighboring peasant farms. The activity of the owners of large estates – L. Simyrenko, F. Falz-Fein, O. Bobrynskyi – was determined not only by economic expediency, but also by the desire for something new, which corresponded to the needs of the time and increased<br>intensity of management</span> </p>Nadiya Temirova
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-TemirovaParticipation of the Peasants of Southern Ukraine in the Cooperative Movement as a Factor in the Modernization of the Social Estate
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4898
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose </span><span class="fontstyle2">of the article is to determine the potential influence of cooperatives on the modernization of the<br>social condition of the peasantry in the direction of their acquisition of features of a capitalist society. Paying attention to this<br>social group is due to its quantitative dominance and stability of the traditional worldview.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">The scientific novelty </span><span class="fontstyle2">of the research results lies in the insufficient study of the problem, the lack of specialized works on<br>the materials of the South of Ukraine.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Сonclusion. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The spread of the cooperative movement in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. can be<br>interpreted as one of the signs of the formation of modern society. At the same time, cooperatives acted as catalysts for these<br>changes. The very structure and form of participation in the societies was to promote the development of entrepreneurial traits,<br>an active economic position, and the gradual involvement of the population in commodity-money relations through cooperation<br>and interaction. In the South of Ukraine, a high degree of involvement of peasants in the activities of credit cooperatives<br>and demand for cooperative loans was observed. Which can already demonstrate their readiness for transformations. By<br>providing loans to the population on acceptable terms, accepting monetary contributions at interest, and carrying out sales<br>and supply operations, the companies created conditions for improving the condition of peasant farms, increasing their<br>productivity and competitiveness. The activities of credit cooperative societies also influenced the transformation of traditional<br>views on monetary income, contributed to the acquisition of experience in financial operations. The participation of peasants<br>in agricultural cooperatives had a positive effect on the development of their farms, using practical examples to demonstrate<br>the advantages of the achievements of agrarian sciences, which formed the readiness for their adoption and implementation.<br>Under the influence of the activities of agricultural cooperatives, the peasants introduced new agricultural crops, machinery<br>and equipment, soil processing technologies in their farms, which generally contributed to the increase in productivity. The<br>participation of peasants in the cultural and educational activities of cooperatives can serve as a confirmation of the state’s<br>readiness to acquire new knowledge and changes in the traditional way of farming. Under the influence of the activities of<br>cooperative libraries, courses, lectures, consultations, exhibitions and excursions, the peasants resorted to the rationalization<br>of agriculture. Therefore, the participation of peasants in the cooperative movement of the late 19th – early 20th centuries.<br>was one of the factors of socio-economic, worldview changes in the direction of the formation of commodity-money relations.</span> </p>Iryna Piatnytskova
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-PiatnytskovaAgrarian question in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century: government-bureaucratic vision
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4899
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Purpose. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The author of the article aims to analyze the government-bureaucratic vision of solving the agrarian<br>issue in Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century. in the context of the agrarian policy of the government of the Russian<br>Empire.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Scientific novelty. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The government-bureaucratic vision of solving the agrarian issue in Ukraine at the beginning of the<br>20th century was analyzed on the basis of the involved sources and the application of current methodological approaches. in<br>the context of the agrarian policy of the government of the Russian Empire.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusion. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The main feature of the life of Ukrainian peasants at the beginning of the 20th century. land was considered<br>scarce, there was also agrarian overpopulation. The transition to intensive farming was restrained by the irregularity of<br>agrarian relations. The problem of renting land was extremely acute for peasant farms, with which the interests of both<br>landowners and peasants were closely connected. Due to the lack of land, the peasants could not do without renting land, but<br>its conditions were quite difficult. Another difficult problem for peasant farms was the payment of taxes.<br>Several government commissions and meetings created at the beginning of the 20th century dealt with the study of the<br>state of agriculture in the areas and proposals for solving the peasant question. The Commission on November 16, 1901 and<br>the Special Meeting on the Needs of the Agricultural Industry had the most tangible influence. They summarized valuable<br>material about the state of the agricultural industry, attracted a wide range of officials, citizens, public figures, scientists and<br>directly peasants. However, their intentions remained unknown to the general public, which also contributed to the maturation<br>of revolutionary sentiments on the ground.<br>The activity of the Special Meeting chaired by O. Styshynskyi and the Special Meeting A. Kulomzyn was effective. They<br>drafted a draft law, which on July 6, 1904, took on the character of temporary rules regulating immigration policy in the<br>Russian Empire. It was a law that for the first time in the legal practice of the Russian Empire regulated the social aspect of the<br>life of peasant settlers. But he cannot be fully recognized as socially oriented, impeccable. Because, firstly, self-willed resettled<br>peasants did not receive state financial support. Secondly, total state control over resettlement processes was established.</span> </p>Zinaida Svyaschenko
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-SvyaschenkoUkrainian steppe in the memoirs of the English entrepreneur George Hume
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4902
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose </span><span class="fontstyle2">of this research is to study George Hume’s memoirs as a foreign perspective on of the South<br>Ukrainian region in the latter half of the 19th century, determining the potential for obtaining information for studying the<br>history of Southern Ukraine during the period of post-reform modernization.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">The novelty </span><span class="fontstyle2">of this research is determining how the realities of life in the steppe Ukraine in the latter half of the 19th<br>century are reflected in the memoirs of the English entrepreneur, taking into account that they are a piece of historical and<br>literary writing about Ukraine on the one hand, and a source of personal experience on the other.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The South Ukrainian steppes in the memoirs of G. Hume are presented as a combination of natural and<br>human factors, social and economic relations that are closely intertwined with each other. Hume’s words generally coincide<br>with information from other sources used in modern research. First and foremost, undoubtedly, it was entrepreneurial activity<br>since this was the author’s main goal. Nature-related topics are also closely connected with his business interests: the author<br>emphasizes the need for effective exploitation of the fertile black land. The vivid essays about his business partners, estate<br>owners, peasants, and Mennonite Germans are an integral part of the memoirs. A keen interest in people is combined with<br>amiability, which reveals itself throughout. At the same time, the narrative is imbued with value judgments common for a<br>representative of the European (British) society, which are based on the following antithesis: talented people versus a backward,<br>inefficient state. The author writes with great sympathy about local (Ukrainian) peasants, emphasizing their abilities that had<br>not been properly developed due to lack of education.<br>Given this, it is logical that one of the main ideas of the memoirs is the author’s civilizational mission which was carried<br>out not only through the promotion of “labor-saving machines”, but also through the introduction of the “Eastern people” to<br>the benefits of civilization</span></p>Olena Otzemko
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-OtzemkoThe Peasant reform of 1861 and its implementation in Podillia: modern scientific reflections
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4903
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Рurpose. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The purpose of the study is to analyze the economic development of Podilsk province in the second half<br>of the 19th century. in the context of the peasant reform of 1861 by the tsarist government, a review of the established concept<br>of the presence of a revolutionary situation as a reason for the abolition of serfdom, a description of the socio-economic and<br>socio-political processes associated with the reform in Podillya, showing the transformation of social conditions after the<br>abolition of serfdom rights, determining the impact of the peasant reform on the further development of the noble and peasant<br>farms of the region and the economic development of the state as a whole.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The novelty of the work consists in rethinking the current topic according to the research of modern<br>scientists, freeing it from the involvement of historians of the Soviet period, carrying out an analysis of various aspects of the<br>peasant reform and the socio-economic transformations caused by it, using the example of the Podilsk province.<br>The peasant reform of 1861 was and remains one of the key problems of Ukrainian history in the 19th century. The<br>reasons for its implementation were a number of economic, social and political factors, and not the «revolutionary situation»,<br>which was dominant in the works of historians of the Soviet era. The reform was carried out in the interests of the state and the<br>existing management system and became primarily a component of the government’s large-scale measures for the economic<br>development of the country.</span> </p>Olena StadnikNatalia Kuzminets
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-Stadnik-KuzminetsThe journal “Dodatek Tygodniowy do Gazety Lwowskej” (1850-1869) as a source for studying the economic life of Galicia
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4904
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose of the research </span><span class="fontstyle2">is to find out the features of the presentation on the pages of the journal “Dodatek<br>Tygodniowy” (scientific supplement to “Gazety Lwowskiej”) of issues of the economic development of Galicia in the 50s-60s of the XIX century.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">The scientific novelty </span><span class="fontstyle2">consists in a comprehensive analysis of the publications of “Dodatku Tygodniowego” about the specifics<br>of the economic modernization of the Galicia region: the development of industry and trade, the development of road communications, progress in the agricultural sector.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions</span><span class="fontstyle2">. Scientific and informative supplement to “Gazety Lwowskiej” - “Dodatek Tygodniowy” was an unofficial<br>spokesman for the activities of the Galician Viceroyalty. It presented a scientific, statistically based program for the development of the region, which included various aspects - from financial and economic to socio-cultural. The initiator of the activity of the scientific supplement was the Galician governor Agenor Golukhovski, who, through the mediation of the editors-in-chief, tried to embody inthis publication the enlightening ideas of presenting science as a measure of social development. “Dodatek Tygodniowy” combinedinformation materials of a statistical and economic nature, local history essays and source publications with journalistic materials.<br>The content of the publication allows it to be interpreted as an important source of the history of the modernization of the region, in particular, its eastern part in the 1950s and 1960s. The digital data, reviews, scientific intelligence recorded on the pages of “Dodatku Tygodniowego” contain important information about the current state of the economic life of the region, and show the specifics of the reception by the creators of the publication of the problems and prospects of the modernization of Galicia.</span></p>Taras Shcherban
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-ShcherbanDemograpfic problems of the Ukrainian countryside in the 1980 s – 90 s. (on the example of the Ukrainian Carpathian regions)
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4890
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose of the publication </span><span class="fontstyle2">is to characterize the dynamics of demographic processes in Ukraine (on the<br />example of the regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians) in the period of the 1980s - 90s; the influence of socio-economic factors on them and outline the origins of the current demographic crisis in Ukraine.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The article examines the main demographic problems of the Ukrainian countryside in the 1980s and 1990s<br />on the example of Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, and Chernivtsi regions. Among them, attention is paid to the issue of<br />depopulation of the rural population, which has covered the entire territory of Ukraine since 1979. It is noted that for a long<br />time, the territories of the Carpathian region were considered relatively prosperous in terms of demographics, where the<br />natural increase in population was an average of 7.4 persons per 1,000 population, while in Ukraine this indicator was only<br />3.5.<br />The article considers another problem of Ukrainian villages - the aging of the population. By the end of the 1980s, in<br />almost half of the regions of Ukraine, the share of elderly peasants approached a third. It was noted that the number of people<br />unable to work also increased during the analyzed period. Thus, if in 1990 there were on average 1,026 people unable to work<br />for every 1,000 people of working age, then in 1997 this ratio was 1,037 per 1,000 people able to work. The migration of the<br />most able-bodied category of peasants to the cities also increased. Characteristic for the regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians<br />was the process of women moving to the cities, mostly of childbearing age, which undermined the demographic basis of the<br />reproduction of the rural population and became one of the reasons for the social decline of the village.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The researcher concluded that with the deepening of the crisis phenomena in the economy, the situation<br />of the village worsened - the demographic crisis worsened, unemployment increased, the incomes of the villagers steadily<br />decreased, and the social sphere was in a neglected state. It was noted that all the above-mentioned problems «got» independent Ukraine as a legacy from «Soviet times» and it was not possible to solve them in the last 30 years.</span></p>Nelya ZhulkanychVasyl MistchanynAlexander Zhulkanych
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-Zhulkanych-MistchanynThe Situation of the Agriculture of Donetsk Region in 2014-2022
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4891
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose of the work </span><span class="fontstyle2">is to find out the potential of the agriculture of Donetsk region in the conditions of the<br>hybrid war from 2014 to the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation in 2022.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">The scientific novelty of the research </span><span class="fontstyle2">results is the study of the development of the agricultural sector in the Donetsk<br>region during the specified period.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The modern history of Donetsk region reflects various periods, events, phenomena and processes, which<br>were confirmed by 2014 – 2022. They demonstrated the long history of Ukraine and the region’s belonging to it, the struggle for<br>Donetsk region. It happened in difficult conditions, but they had hope and expectations. Despite the fact that part of the region<br>was occupied, the other – demonstrated its rapid development and europeanness. Agriculture remained one of the leading<br>industries. The region lost some positions in it, however, due to the use of modern technologies and support, it tried to catch<br>up with its potential. The gross harvest of vegetable crops decreased, which was explained by climatic conditions and the need<br>to care for these products in difficult conditions. Positive dynamics were achieved due to poultry and pig farming. Agricultural<br>products became the property not only of Donetsk region, but also of Ukraine, some of which were exported to European and<br>Asian countries. Certain factors stood in the way: complicated logistics, the routes of which used to pass through occupied<br>settlements, lack of security, constant risks, natural and geographical factors. The study of the agricultural sector of the region<br>after its de-occupation and the end of the war can be a perspective of the research.</span> </p>Olga Lavrut
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-LavrutEnsuring environmental security in the field of land use by means of criminal justice in modern conditions
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4892
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose </span><span class="fontstyle2">of this study was to determine the effectiveness of ensuring environmental security in the field of<br>land use by means of symbolic justice.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">The scientific novelty of the research. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The main means of criminal justice for ensuring law and order in the field of land<br>use is criminal responsibility, which is a guarantee of compliance with rules and order, and is the strictest and most effective<br>means of state coercion when committing the most socially dangerous offenses in the field of land relations. Criminal offenses<br>in the field of land use encroach on the order of land relations, on the provision of human life and health and the health of the<br>population as a whole, on the proper condition of other objects of ecological legal relations - air, subsoil, objects of animal and<br>plant life, water resources, ensuring property rights, order of business activity; the damage caused by the spoiling and pollution<br>of lands is manifested in the ecological sphere, in the sphere of the national economy and in the personal sphere, since a person<br>always suffers from such illegal actions. The war created additional complications in the field of ensuring ecological security of<br>land use, which are related to: mass displacement of people; the lack of legislative regulation of new needs and the impossibility<br>of implementing existing regulatory provisions and restrictions in the field of land relations; aggravation of already existing<br>problems related to land use; loss of government control over state lands; inability to maintain land registers and cadastres,<br>their destruction; violation of the right of ownership to the land of the legal owners; the opening of new prospects for abuses<br>by officials in the field of land use; threats to the normal legal functioning of the land market.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The conducted research led to the conclusions regarding the need to improve the current norms of criminal<br>legislation in this area regarding the subject (size of the land plot) and qualifying circumstances (commitment of such criminal<br>offenses by an official using his official position) of offenses in the field of land use.</span> </p>Anna Landina
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-LandinaGrain export from Ukraine: assessment of the potential during peace negotions in Brest-Litovsk
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4893
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose </span><span class="fontstyle2">of the research is to define how much grain, according to the calculations of German and Ukrainian<br>government experts, Ukraine could have exported in the first half of 1918.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">The scientific novelty </span><span class="fontstyle2">of the research is seen in the fact that for the first time in historical science, actual material on the<br>topic is systematized and analyzed, conclusions and generalizations are reasoned.<br>Consideration of the topic leads to the following </span><span class="fontstyle0">conclusions</span><span class="fontstyle2">. Until 1914, Ukrainian provinces within the Russian Empire<br>produced about 19 million tons of grain annually, of which 4.8 to 5 million tons were exported outside the empire. During the<br>First World War (1914 – 1917), grain production in Ukraine decreased and there was less export. According to the estimates of<br>the German side, Ukrainian stocks of export grain at the beginning of 1918 had from 2 to 8 million tons, and according to the<br>data of the Ukrainian side, it was from 1 to 3.3 million tons. Based on these calculations, at the negotiations in Brest-Litovsk,<br>Ukrainian, Austro-Hungarian and German delegates agreed that Ukraine was able to sell Germany and Austria-Hungary 1<br>million tons of grain by July 31, 1918. These obligations of the Ukrainian side were recorded in peace treaty of February 9,<br>1918 and in the protocol of February 7, 1918, which supplemented the peace treaty</span> </p>Borys Malynovsky
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-MalynovskyЖитлово-побутові проблеми українського села у вимірі реалій повоєнного повсякдення (1945 – початок 1950-х рр.)
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4894
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Мета роботи показати реалії житлово-побутової ситуації на селі другої половини 1940-х – початку<br>1950-х рр. та стратегії селян із її вирішення.<br></span><span class="fontstyle2">Наукова новизна </span><span class="fontstyle0">публікації полягає у висвітленні реалій житлово-комунальної ситуації на селі та стратегії<br>селян із її вирішення. Розглянуто стан помешкань, їх зовнішній і внутрішній вигляд, здатність забезпечувати<br>функціональне призначення. Зазначено, що, зважаючи на серйозні руйнації житлового фонду в результаті бойових<br>дій та німецької окупації, велика частка сімей змушена була мешкати у непристосованих для цього приміщеннях,<br>збудованих із підручних матеріалів, вцілілі житлові споруди потребували серйозного ремонту. Умови проживання<br>в них були доволі непростими. Інтер’єр був вкрай бідний. Санітарно-гігієнічні умови примітивні. Показано, що<br>відбудова зруйнованих осель відбувалася в складних умовах. Зазначено неналежну роль держави у вирішенні житловопобутових проблем сільського населення. Виявлено, що, на відміну від міста, вона переклала цю проблему на плечі<br>самих селян. Показано роль керівництва господарств у забезпеченні відбудовчих потреб колгоспників. Зазначено, що<br>відновлення втраченого вимагало від господаря чималих матеріальних витрат, важкої фізичної праці та затрат<br>часу. Гостро не вистачало коштів, будівельних матеріалів, робочих рук. Зосереджено увагу на розкритті стратегій,<br>застосовуваних селянами для відбудови своїх помешкань. Докладно розкрито таку найбільш поширену, як толока:<br>залучення на допомогу односельців, які гуртом допомагали у стислі терміни впоратися з будівельними роботами, що<br>потребували значних зусиль і часу.<br></span><span class="fontstyle2">Висновки. </span><span class="fontstyle0">Через нехтування державою проблем села, відновлення його житлово-побутової сфери та<br>облаштування сільських осель було на низькому кількісному і якісному рівнях. Зводячи хату, селянин мусив<br>орієнтуватися на власні можливості. Відбудова здійснювалася вкрай повільно, тому значна частина селян не мала<br>власного, а більшість з них ‒ якісно облаштованого житла. Тож однією з основних проблем житлово-комунальної<br>сфери післявоєнної України залишалася нестача житла та неналежний рівень якості житлово-побутових умов<br>життя жителів сільських населених пунктів</span> </p>Oleksandr NikilievValentyna Marchenko
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-Nikiliev-MarchenkoThe female factor in the organization of construction and the production process in the agricultural industry of Ukraine in 1943–1945
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4895
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Purpose. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The purpose of the publication is to determine the place and role of Ukrainian rural women in<br>ensuring the functioning of the agricultural sector of the republic’s economy in the conditions of reconstruction in 1943-1945,<br>to assess their labor achievements in the field of food production for the front and rear.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">The scientific novelty </span><span class="fontstyle2">of the research lies in the fact that the materials presented in it, in the context of the stated goal,<br>complement the national historiography of the period of the Second World War in general, and the historiography of the<br>Ukrainian peasantry of this period in particular.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions</span><span class="fontstyle2">. In 1943-1945, women constituted the majority among the rural population of the republic. They played an<br>important role in ensuring the functioning of the agrarian sphere during its reconstruction in the conditions of the ongoing<br>war and the first half of the post-war period. Women successfully performed the duties of managers of public and state farms<br>and their production structures (farm managers, foremen, farm workers), were the main workforce in collective farms and<br>state farms during complex field work and in the production of livestock products. Thanks to their hard daily work, which was<br>mainly carried out manually with the use of live draft, the size of the replanting acreage and the volume of cultivated grain and<br>technical crops increased annually, the number of livestock increased, and the front and rear, both during the war and after its<br>end , received the necessary food and raw materials. Although there were still serious problems and shortcomings in the work<br>of the agricultural industry, and the volumes of plant and animal products produced were far from real needs, as a result of<br>the large-scale work carried out in 1943-1945 with the active participation of women, the agricultural industry of the republic<br>was revived to a large extent and laid good foundations for the growth of its potential in the future. Along with hard work on<br>collective farm and state farm fields and farms, the majority of women took care of homesteads and livestock, which were the<br>main source of livelihood for rural families.<br>Therefore, the female potential of the Ukrainian village during the reconstruction period was a significant component of<br>the rural society, and it was women who had to bear the main burden in the matter of revival and ensuring the functioning of<br>the agricultural industry in extreme conditions after the occupation devastation and the ongoing war.</span> </p>Olexander PerehrestOlena Titika
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-Perehrest-TitikaThe situation of the peasantry during the Holodomor through the press outside the Soviet Union (1932-1933)
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4900
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose. </span><span class="fontstyle2">In this research proposal we will analyse the dramatic period that the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet<br>Republic -Ukrainian SSR- went through in the early 1930s, with the so-called Holodomor or Great Famine. Using various official<br>Soviet documents, we will study how the authorities in Moscow applied collectivisation measures in Ukraine and how they affected the development of the daily life of the country’s population. In doing so, we will reflect on the main consequences that this period had for the future of the Ukrainian SSR within the Soviet space and especially for the population.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions. </span><span class="fontstyle2">In addition, once we have analysed the significance of this historical period, and through the newspaper archives<br>of different international media, we will emphasise how this issue was dealt with outside the borders of the Soviet Union. With this research, we intend to provide evidence through newspapers such as The Evening Telegram, The London Evening Standard, The New York Times and Spanish newspapers that the Holodomor was known abroad, despite the fact that the Soviet authorities campaigned hard to prevent this event from spreading to the rest of the international community.<br>Although, as we will see through the study of various media, the reality of the Holodomor knowledge abroad was different,<br>taking into account the different ideology of the journalists who wrote the chronicles exposing the events that were taking place in the Ukrainian SSR in 1932 and 1933.</span></p>Pablo Arconada LedesmaCesar García Andrés
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-Arconada-Ledesma-Cesar-GarcíaSoviet “subjugation by hunger” and the problem of the Ukrainian liberation movement in Zaporizhzhia region
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4901
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Purpose </span><span class="fontstyle2">– to consider the influence of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 and the famine of 1921-1922 and 1946-<br>1947 on the events of the Ukrainian liberation movement in the territory of the modern Zaporizhzhia region.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Scientific novelty of the publication </span><span class="fontstyle2">lies in highlighting the relationship of hunger, as a weapon, to the liberation<br>movement in Zaporizhzhia region, both to its development and to its decline.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusion. </span><span class="fontstyle2">A feature of the Soviet Bolshevik government’s struggle with the Ukrainian insurgent movement in the early<br>1920s was the use of hunger as an effective method of subjugation. The result of a new wave of peasant anti-Soviet struggle<br>during collectivization was execution by starvation in 1932-1933, which aimed to destroy the traditional rural order and,<br>accordingly, the social base of the liberation movement. The Holodomor is not only an act of genocide, but also a preemptive<br>strike by the CP(b)U and state security agencies against the basic mental features of the Ukrainian village, which did not<br>allow it to be turned into a “cog” of the system. The first results of the “subjugation of the village” were manifested during<br>the German-Soviet war, when peasants mostly chose strategies of personal survival, often avoiding active resistance to the<br>occupation systems.<br>The famine of 1921-1922 allowed the Bolsheviks to accelerate the liquidation of the remnants of the insurgent movement<br>and national-cultural societies. New sources of resistance, which began to unfold in the second half of the 1920s and reached<br>its peak in 1930, were destroyed with the help of the policy of total cleansing of the Ukrainian countryside in 1932-1933. As a<br>result, a new stage of the struggle for independence in the 1940s no longer had such a significant social base in Zaporizhzhia<br>and Naddnipryanshchyna in general, in contrast to the western regions, where Sovietization began only in 1939 and was shortlived. The post-war famine caused the emergence of anti-Soviet independent organizations, but they could not overcome the system with its professional repressive and punitive apparatus.</span> </p>Yuriy Shchur
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-ShchurThe peasant issue in the Second Polish Republic in the conception by Franciszek Bujak
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4905
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose of the study </span><span class="fontstyle2">is to fully reproduce F. Bujak’s vision of the problems of the peasantry in the Polish<br>state restored in 1918 on new foundations. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that F. Bujak was the founder of<br>Polish historical and economic studies, and also had experience in political activity as the Minister of Agriculture.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">The scientific novelty </span><span class="fontstyle2">is that for the first time the materials of the journal “Wieś i Państwo” are included in the scientific<br>circulation, based on which F. Bujak’s views on the relationship between the peasantry and the state in the interwar period are<br>reconstructed.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The view of the problem of the peasantry in interwar Poland by F. Bujak, a supporter of democracy and<br>social equality, was distinguished by its integrity and depth of understanding. The researcher considered the peasantry not only<br>the economic, but also the spiritual basis of the state. His attention was drawn to the issue of relations between the agrarian<br>state, which was then the Second Polish Commonwealth, and its own most numerous social group - the peasants. F. Bujak<br>presented quite balanced assessments of the real state of this problem, the solution of which he saw in the establishment of<br>national solidarity between different social strata. For this, he considered the need for state regulation and the presence of<br>socially significant laws to be justified. F. Bujak paid considerable attention to the problem of totalitarianism, in particular<br>the possibilities and features of its introduction in the young Polish state. He also analyzed the threats that such an evolution<br>of the political system could cause to the peasantry. F. Bujak considered the relations between the state and the peasants<br>in historical retrospect as a confrontation between the peasants and the nobility. In this context, he considered overcoming<br>mutual, historically determined prejudices to be one of the urgent tasks. And one of the main ways of this was supposed to be<br>the effective participation of the state in raising the educational and cultural level of the peasantry</span> </p>Lidiia Lazurko
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-LazurkoActivity of Cherkasy Bioresources Research Station of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine and the Contribution of Its Scientists to the Breeding of Native Breeds of Dairy Cattle
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4906
<p><span class="fontstyle0">Purpose. </span><span class="fontstyle2">To study the history of the development of the Cherkasy Research Station of Biological Resources of<br>the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, to find out the role of its scientists in the creation of domestic dairy<br>cattle breeds.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Scientific novelty </span><span class="fontstyle2">of the publication is determined by the introduction of unpublished archival materials of the Cherkasy<br>Research Station of Biological Resources into the scientific circulation and in the comprehensive coverage of the role of the<br>station’s scientists in the scientific support of dairy cattle breeding in the Cherkasy region in the early 2000s.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The station has a 94-year development history: from a laboratory for studying the condition and number<br>of hunting animals in the Ukrainian SSR in 1929 to an experimental station of bioresources of the Institute of Animal Breeding<br>and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine since 2011, and directly subordinated to the National Academy<br>of Sciences of Ukraine since 2014.<br>Since 2011, the station has become a regional center for scientific support of the livestock industry in Cherkasy region,<br>whose scientists develop comprehensive methods for increasing productivity in dairy farming, pig and sheep breeding. The<br>station’s scientists played a decisive role in continuing the dairy cattle breeding process in Ukraine in the early 2000s and<br>improving the newly created Ukrainian red and black-spotted dairy breeds and types of dairy cattle: in 2012-2014, the head of<br>the station, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Academician of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Mykhailo<br>Bashchenko; Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Leontii Khmelnytskyi; Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior<br>Researcher of the station, Ivan Tyshchenko.<br>Today, the research station provides the following areas of scientific activity in dairy cattle breeding: improvement of<br>selection and breeding work in breeding and creation of new highly productive breeds and types of farm animals; scientific<br>support for breeding based on modern achievements in population genetics, immunogenetics, cytogenetics, biology of<br>reproduction of automated information systems using modern methods of breeding records and genetic evaluation of animals.</span> </p>Oksana Mazur
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-MazurEducational-cooperative discourse of Khmelnytskyi region: returned names of Ukrainian intelligentia
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4907
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose </span><span class="fontstyle2">of the research is to show the latent components of the founding of the Kamianets-Podilskyi<br>Cooperative Technical School in 1922, based on the analysis of historical material about the formation of the educational<br>system in Soviet Ukraine, to trace the direction of changes in the views and beliefs of the first head of the Cooperative Technical<br>School.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The founding of the Kamianets-Podilsky Cooperative Technical School and the teaching activities of<br>professional teachers whose biographies were typical of the Podillia intelligentsia at that time allow us to talk about the<br>cooperative intelligentsia and its localization in the city of Kamianets-Podilskyi. The charter of the Cooperative Technical<br>School provided for the “subscription” of books, textbooks, and magazines abroad - teachers sought to know and implement<br>European assets in the field of education and cooperation. In 1922, the Bolshevik anti-religious campaign did not affect the<br>“Christmas and Easter breaks” in the academic year. The teaching staff, in particular I. Florynskyi, M. Hozhenko, P. Yurkevych,<br>L. Borytskyi, A. Hulevych, were pro-Ukrainian and were not members of the Communist Party. I. Florynskyi believed that the<br>activity of the Cooperative Technical School is important for Podillia and the cooperative movement. It has been confirmed<br>that I. Florynskyi was the father of the well-known Podil poet A. Smotrych, in emigration they remained pro-Ukrainian and<br>believed in Ukraine.</span> </p>Svitlana MarkovaАндрій МатвєєвVolodymyr Kotsiuk
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-Markova-Matvieiev-KotsiukMinister of Land Affairs V. M. Leontovych: the final of the agrarian reform of Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi (october – november 1918)
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4908
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose </span><span class="fontstyle2">of the study is to highlight the participation of the Minister of Land Affairs V. Leontovych in the<br>implementation of the agrarian reform, his influence on its final stage.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Scientific novelty: </span><span class="fontstyle2">for the first time, the activity of V. Leontovych as a minister of the Hetman’s government was specifically<br>investigated.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions. </span><span class="fontstyle2">After coming to power, P. Skoropadskyi declared a broad agrarian reform based on the primacy of private<br>property rights. In May-August, the ministry staff and the special land commission prepared a number of bills important for<br>the reform. However, the mechanism of the purchase of land by the State Land Bank from landowners for sale to small-land<br>peasants was not used. In the autumn of 1918, P. Skoropadskyi realized the danger of delaying the land reform. V. Leontovych, a<br>well-known Ukrainian figure, landowner and philanthropist, became the new Minister of Land Affairs. His government activity<br>lasted only two weeks. He was engaged in the formation of a special land meeting, which he never had time to complete. At<br>P. Skoropadskyi’s request, he submitted a plan for land reform, in which P. Skoropadskyi lost interest soon. The government<br>approved several bills prepared by the previous ministry. However, they could no longer influence the course of land reform.<br>The new geopolitical realities forced the hetman to seek the salvation of Ukrainian statehood on the way to the revival of<br>Russia. The land reform has lost its meaning so much that there was no relevant ministry in the structure of the new government.<br>In retrospect, V. Leontovych tried to somewhat hyperbolize his own role in the implementation of the land reform. Pro-hetman<br>historiography also connects it primarily with his name, ignoring P. Skoropadskyi’s authoritative unequivocal statement: «The<br>law was developed by Kolokoltsov». V. Leontovych suffered a difficult emigrant fate and only his literary talent allowed him<br>to earn a living.</span> </p>Ruslan Pyrih
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-PyrihKostiantyn Matsiievych - an outstanding diplomat and a leading scientist-agriculturist of the Ukrainian People’s Republic
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4909
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose </span><span class="fontstyle2">of the article is to present the little-known contribution of K.A. Matsiievych in the development of<br>agronomic science of the first half of the 20th century, in the initiation and justification of the cooperative movement in Ukraine,<br>the reform of agriculture on sound principles and the implementation of new, scientifically based methods of its management.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">The scientific novelty </span><span class="fontstyle2">of the presented research topic is determined by the growing interest of modern Ukrainian society<br>in studying the life and activities of people who were organizers and direct participants in the struggle for Ukrainian national<br>revival. The study of the life path, activities and creative heritage of its prominent figures has become one of the important tasks<br>of modern science.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusion. </span><span class="fontstyle2">Historical personalism became a priority direction in scientific research, since the modern history of Ukraine<br>was created by many unique figures, on whom the implementation of decisions and instructions of Ukrainian governments of<br>different times depended. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, among the wide range of scientists, public and political<br>figures who participated in the Ukrainian movement, the figure of K.A. Matsiievych (1873–1942) is outstanding. He entered<br>the history of Ukraine as a well-known Ukrainian journalist, publicist, political, state and public figure, advanced agrarian<br>scientist, educational professor and excellent diplomat. However, if his public, political and diplomatic activities during the<br>years of Ukraine’s independence were reflected in scientific research, the agrarian aspects of his many years of work are not yet sufficiently covered and do not have a proper analysis by scientists. The main conclusion of the study is that in the approaches of K.A. Matsiievych to the reform of traditional agriculture, in particular on the issues of the introduction of mutually beneficial cooperation and the need to abandon the forced socialization of land, proclaimed by the III Universal of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in 1917, there are significant elements of novelty that retain their relevance to the present time. So, the life and activity of K.A. Matsiievych deserves additional and increased attention of young researchers and agrarian students.</span> </p>Teofil Rendiuk
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-RendiukChurch and religious life in the villages of Zolotonosha district, Poltava region in the 19th and early 20th centuries
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4910
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose </span><span class="fontstyle2">of the article: on the basis of archival sources and old prints, to analyze the main features of<br>church-religious relations in the villages of Zolotonsky district, represented by the Orthodox denomination.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Scientific novelty </span><span class="fontstyle2">consists in the introduction into scientific circulation of hitherto unknown archival sources, generalizing<br>statistical calculations, personification of events and the presence of author’s interpretive constructions.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions. </span><span class="fontstyle2">It was established that the ecclesiastical and religious life of the Zolotonsky District in the 19th century<br>began. 20th century was marked by great versatility. At this time, there was an increase in the number of church parishes, as<br>well as significant temple construction. The church in the village remained the leading center of social, spiritual and public life,<br>accompanying almost all significant events of the life of the peasantry, taking care of their moral upbringing and education.<br>The central figure of the church clergy were clergymen who had different levels of wealth and merit before the church and were<br>distinguished by status isolation.<br>Despite the predominance of typical features of church and religious life inherent in the settlements of the Russian Empire,<br>certain regional specificity of this important sphere of social life can be traced in the county, which is confirmed by the<br>convincing facts presented in the article. The proposed exploration is far from exhausting the epistemological potential of this<br>topical and at the same time controversial topic</span> </p>Grygoriy GolyshLarysa Lysytsya
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-Golysh-LysytsyaThe Derman Monastery and the functioning of the peasantry in its domain (ХVІ-ХVІІ centuries)
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4911
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The article </span><span class="fontstyle2">aims </span><span class="fontstyle0">to study the peculiarities of the functioning of the peasantry within the domains that belonged<br>to the Derman monastery in the 16th - 17th centuries.<br></span><span class="fontstyle2">Scientific novelty. </span><span class="fontstyle0">In this study, an attempt was made to objectively analyze the functioning of the peasantry in the<br>possessions of the Derman monastery in the 16th and 17th centuries regarding the peculiarities of their tax payment and their<br>types. The trends related to the nature of peasant appeals to the monastery court are justified.<br></span><span class="fontstyle2">Conclusion. </span><span class="fontstyle0">In this way, owning profitable estates (Derman, Kunyn, Glynsk, Bilashiv, Mizoch (Mizochyk), Korshiv), in<br>the 16th - 17th centuries. The Derman Holy Trinity religious center became one of the richest in Volyn. It is obvious that the<br>peasants-subjects formed the content of the taxable population, acted as an effective and important component that, through<br>the taxation system, ensured the appropriate level of development of the monastic economy. The profits of the spiritual abode<br>gradually and proportionally increased due to both in-kind taxation and cash payments from the peasants. Numerous profits<br>received from the monastery economy and paid by peasant subjects, monetary and in-kind levies ensured the full functioning of the monastery. The peasant subjects of the Derman monastery had the right to appeal to the court of the religious monastery.<br>The court resolved issues of non-payment of taxes and rent, disputes between subjects. For non-fulfillment of obligations,<br>peasants could be punished with monetary or material fines. Peasants could also address issues of domestic misunderstandings, which was also the competence of the monastery court.</span> </p>Nataliіa Lopatska
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-LopatskaPeasants of the Naddnipryanshchyna of the first third of the 20th century: perspectives and traps of formation national identity
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4912
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose </span><span class="fontstyle2">of this article is a more detailed study of the modern transformation of the peasantry of the<br>Naddnipryanshchyna in the first third of the 20th century, in particular the formation of national identity in its consciousness.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Scientific novelty. Scientific novelty of the research results.</span><span class="fontstyle2">Actually, the modernization of the village of Naddnipryanshchyna<br>in the first third of the 20th century encouraged its inhabitants to relatively speedily penetrate into their world of commoditymoney relations. Due to the needs of the time, the synthesis of the socio-economic and mental at the everyday level slowly<br>strengthened the deep foundations of national awakening. However, the peasantry was not able to make such a breakthrough into<br>the modern world. The author focused attention on the formation of national identity, taking into account the complexity of these<br>processes and the extremely diverse mosaic of socio-cultural interactions. Looking at it through the world of consciousness and<br>mentality led to an original result: the national from the main thing turned into something less significant. However, the national<br>did not disappear, but only optimized its dislocation. Ukrainians created a nation both mentally (ethno-cultural potential) and<br>consciously (ideological project). Moreover, only the in-depth interaction of the mental and the conscious guaranteed a positive<br>result.<br>The formation of the national identity of the Naddnipryanshchyna in the transitional period from the imperial to the Soviet<br>period took place in the conditions of violation of traditional discourses and communicative practices. It was found that the<br>situational context of discourses was significant, particularly their sequencing and institutionalization. The methods of targeted<br>and rational interaction were created to generate a sense of involvement and interaction in the villagers, they were aimed at the<br>transfer of information and the generation of meanings, transformation of social reality. It united and identified the peasants.<br>However, it was not convincing, because identity (belonging to the nation) at that time was devoid of many attributes, above all<br>the experience of statehood, symbols, and common values. Some of them were deliberately distorted by the Bolsheviks.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Methodology. </span><span class="fontstyle2">The study was conducted on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach, which encompasses and synthesizes<br>both theoretical positions (epistemological paradigms) and the results of thematic explorations.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusion. </span><span class="fontstyle2">In the 1920s, the Bolsheviks replaced the sacred aspect of national identity with a profane one. As a result,<br>the formation of national identity became a trap for the peasants, but even the establishment of a totalitarian regime did<br>not eliminate their national perspectives. They were dependent not so much on the dominant ideology or even the social<br>environment, but rather on the global cultural transfer of people, ideas, technologies, and social and political movements.</span> </p>Yuriy Prysiazhniuk
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-PrysiazhniukFeatures of the formation and possibilities of self-realimation of the creative personality in the conditions of the rural location of the period of the Khrushshov ‘thaw’
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4913
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The purpose of article </span><span class="fontstyle2">– study of the peculiarities of the formation and possibilities of self-realization of<br>creative personalities in the conditions of rural areas during the period of the Khrushshov ‘thaw’.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Scientific novelty </span><span class="fontstyle2">– specific historical examples are used to analyze the peculiarities of the formation of creative<br>personalities of folk artists in the conditions of the Ukrainian village under the influence of the processes of liberalization and<br>de-Stalinization in the mid-1950s – early 1960s. Obstacles that prevented talented peasants from fully revealing their creative<br>potential under the rule of a totalitarian system were clarified.<br></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusions</span><span class="fontstyle2">. The period of Khrushshov’s ‘thaw’ and the policy of liberalization of socio-political and cultural life<br>characteristic of it contributed to the transformation of the countryside into the center of the cultural and spiritual life of the<br>Ukrainian people, preserving its identity and the unique national archetype formed over the centuries under the rule of the<br>totalitarian system. The names of village craftswomen Kateryna Bilokur, Maria Prymachenko, Tatyana Yablonska became<br>world-famous, whose works were admired by such cult celebrities as Pablo Picasso, Marc Chagall, etc.<br>Liberalization processes in the country contributed to the transformation of Ukrainian villages into art studios, which not<br>only satisfied the call of the rural population to self-realization, but also brought decent profits.<br>But at the same time, we can state that Ukrainian talented peasants were unable to fully realize themselves during the<br>Khrushshov ‘thaw’, since the main obstacle for them was the essence of the totalitarian system, which manifested itself in<br>the disdainful attitude of the party leadership towards the peasants, difficulties in obtaining passports for ordinary collective<br>farm workers, difficult living conditions due to the banal lack of money, the prohibition of the top management to move to<br>another place of residence. In addition, it was practically impossible for ordinary peasants to purchase quality materials and<br>accessories necessary for creativity</span> </p>Tetіana ChubinaYanina Fedorenko
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-Chubina-FedorenkoCultural and educational activities of institutions for the organization of leisure time of the rural population of Central Ukraine in the post-war period (1943–1950)
https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4914
<p><span class="fontstyle0">The </span><span class="fontstyle2">purpose </span><span class="fontstyle0">is to show the essence, nature and forms of the work of rural cultural and educational institutions, to<br>clarify their role and place in the system of ideological influence on social and public life and cultural and educational processes<br>in the post-war Ukrainian village based on a comprehensive analysis of their work in the organization of leisure time.<br></span><span class="fontstyle2">The scientific novelty </span><span class="fontstyle0">of the research lies in the fact that previously unknown source data have been used and introduced<br>into scientific circulation, the forms of work of rural cultural and educational institutions in the organization of leisure time of<br>the rural population have been characterized and the ideological conditions of their functioning have been critically understood.<br></span><span class="fontstyle2">Conclusions. </span><span class="fontstyle0">It is found that during the years of post-war reconstruction, an extensive network of cultural and educational<br>institutions was restored and functioning in the Ukrainian village. The most accessible centers of leisure and the place of public<br>communication of different strata of the rural population were village clubs, as well as libraries, in which artistic amateur groups operated, films were shown, mass cultural events, as well as campaigning and propaganda and other rural events were held. Despite the dominance of the ideology of totalitarianism and material and financial difficulties, they, relying on the public,<br>with their work contributed to the preservation of the foundations of Ukrainian folk culture and national traditions, the conditions for the full development of which opened up when Ukraine gained state independence.</span> </p>Oleksandr Shamrai
Copyright (c) 2023 Ukrainian Peasant
2023-06-292023-06-292910.31651/2413-8142-2023-29-Shamrai