TY - JOUR AU - Kompaniiets, Oleksiy V. PY - 2021/12/15 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Solution of the «agrarian issue» as a factor of the formation of peasant republics at the fi rst stage of the agrarian revolution (1902 – 1907) JF - Ukrainian Peasant JA - UP VL - IS - 26 SE - History of agrarianism DO - 10.31651/2413-8142-2021-26-Kompaniyets UR - https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4451 SP - AB - <p>Introduction. Agrarianism, as ideology and political doctrine, was formulated and expanded in<br>Europe in the end of the 19th – the fi rst third of the 20th century. Europe has formulated a new ideology and<br>political doctrine, an alternative to liberalism and socialism – agrarianism. Theorists of agrarianism have thrown<br>peasantry into the foundation of the stability of the state and the basis of national identity, and farming is a priority<br>type of activity both from the economic and from the moral point of view.<br>For a great intelligence to the phenomenon of agrarianism, unique to the 1917 rural republics, which have<br>become the most common form of suspension-political and economic self-organization of the rural protest and<br>insurgent movement in Ukraine. At that hour, since the Western and Central Europe lost the basic postulates of<br>agrarianism in the treatises of these ideologists and in the program documents of the agrarian political parties, in<br>the Ukrainian peasantry we have been actively promoting the creation of a new mode in postulates.<br>Purpose is to analyze the circumstances and peculiarities of the formation of peasant republics in the Ukraine<br>in 1905 – 1906, on the basis of the methodology of «case study» of the Sorochynska, Vysunska, Rokytnianska,<br>Sumska peasant republics to fi nd out the peculiarities of solving the «agrarian issue» in the context of practical<br>implementation of the basic ideological principles of agrarianism.<br>Results. The author argues that the emergence of peasant republics, the formation and functioning of<br>alternative authorities, the organization of peasant self-defense, the solution of agrarian and other issues relevant<br>to the peasantry were the practical embodiment of the basic ideological principles of agrarianism.<br>Conclusion. The history of the emergence and existence of the Sorochynska, Vysunska, Rokytnianska, Sumska<br>peasant republics showed that almost immediately after the proclamation they tried to create, or at least imitate,<br>their own authorities, legislation, state symbols and other attributes of statehood. At the fi rst stage (1902 – 1907) of<br>the Agrarian Revolution, such measures did not gain much development due to the short existence of the republics<br>and the lack of relevant experience. Thus, in the Vysunska Republic, power passed to a public committee; in<br>Rokytnianska – to the village committees; in Sorochynska – to the Revolutionary Committee; in Sumska peasant<br>republiс – to the local branches of the All-Russian Peasants’ Union. It is known that the Sorochynska Republic, in<br>addition to its own authorities, had a fl ag in the form of a red banner with the inscription «Land and Freedom».<br>Analysis of cases (cases) of peasant republics in 1905 – 1906 allows us to identify the following components<br>of the solution of the «agrarian issue», which were initiated by the peasantry: 2) seizure and redistribution of<br>landlord land, endowment of landless and landless peasants (Sorochynska and Komratska Republics); 3) pogroms<br>of landowners’ estates, deforestation, etc. (Vysunska and Rokytnianska Republics); 4) abolition of redemption<br>payments and debts (Sorochynska Republic); 5) establishing cooperation between the republics and the AllRussian Peasants’ Union (Sorochynska Republic); 6) the formation of armed units of self-defense (Vysunska,<br>Sorochynska republics). In contrast to the peasant republics of 1917 – 1922, we did not fi nd any cases of special<br>bodies or positions responsible for resolving the «agrarian issue» in the government of the republics at the fi rst<br>stage of the «Agrarian Revolution» in Ukraine.</p> ER -