@article{Ivanets_2021, title={The struggle of the Crimean Tatars with the state farms on the south coast of the Crimea in 1923 (according to the materials of the literary case “Milly-fi rka” from branch state archive of the SSU)}, url={https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/4444}, DOI={10.31651/2413-8142-2021-26-Ivanets}, abstractNote={<p>Introduction. The mass artifi cial famine of 1921–1923 in Crimea arose as a result of a combination<br>of the military-communist policy of Soviet Russia, which seized the Crimean peninsula in November 1920, with<br>the consequences of several years of wars and revolutions and unfavorable natural and climatic conditions.<br>Without the policy of the Russian communist regime, the losses among the Crimean people and in the agricultural<br>sector of Crimea would not have been so catastrophic. As a result of the famine, approximately 100,000 people<br>or almost 14% of Crimeans died. The vast majority of victims were Crimean Tatars.<br>Purpose of the study is to study the struggle with Soviet farms (state farms) at the fi nal stage of the mass<br>artifi cial famine of 1921-1923 of the Crimean Tatar peasantry of the Southern coast of Crimea on the basis of<br>analysis of the case of the “counterrevolutionary organization “Milli Firka””.<br>Results. The communist regime in the late 1920s and early 1921s actively planted state farms in the<br>nationalized lands of Crimea, but due to their ineffi ciency and resistance of the peasantry, the number of such<br>farms decreased by almost 10 times in a year. The exception was the southern coast of Crimea, where most state<br>farms continued to operate in the former lands of the imperial family, aristocracy and imperial dignitaries. This<br>led to a deepening catastrophe during the famine among the peasants of the southern coast, the vast majority of<br>whom were landless Crimean Tatars and suffered from the inability to rent land. The analysis of the materials<br>of the case «Milli-Firka», which in 1928-1930 was conducted by the punitive and repressive bodies of the<br>USSR against the Crimean Tatar intelligentsia and activists, shows the active actions of the Crimean Tatar<br>intelligentsia and peasants to seize land and distribute state farms near Yalta.<br>Conclusions. Analysis of information from the case “Milli-Firka” clarifi es the notions present in<br>historiography about the «passivity» of Crimean Tatars during the mass artifi cial famine in Crimea in 1921-<br>1923, from which the Crimean Tatar people suffered the most among all Crimean ethnic communities. Materials<br>contained in the cases of punitive and repressive bodies of the USSR testify to the active attempts in 1923 by<br>Crimean Tatar peasants and intellectuals to resolve the issue of landlessness and scarcity of land on the southern<br>coast of Crimea by seizing the lands of state farms. This region was characterized by a noticeable concentration<br>of state farms, while in other parts of the Crimea most of them were liquidated in 1921. At least one case is<br>known when an anti-farm action was carried out in the village of Kyziltash, Yalta district, formed a «national»<br>artel, uniting peasants regardless of property status. It seems that the organizers and participants of such actions<br>tried to give their attempts to protect the interests of the Crimean Tatar peasantry forms externally loyal to the<br>Soviet government. This is evidenced, in particular, by the use of red fl ags and artel forms of self-organization.<br>The success of these anti-state farm`s actions could have been facilitated by the political situation when, in the<br>context of the proclamation of the RCP (B) policy of indigenization, representatives of the nationally oriented<br>Crimean Tatar political militia (“millifi rkivtsi”) cooperated with the National Communists among the Crimean<br>Tatar</p>}, number={26}, journal={Ukrainian Peasant}, author={Ivanets, Andriy V.}, year={2021}, month={Dec.} }