@article{А. С. Бойко-Гагарін_2020, title={СЕЛЯНСТВО ТА ФАЛЬШИВОМОНЕТНИЦТВО В РОСІЙСЬКІЙ ТА АВСТРО-УГОРСЬКІЙ ІМПЕРІЯХ У ХІХ-ХХ СТ}, url={https://ukr-selianyn-ejournal.cdu.edu.ua/article/view/3890}, abstractNote={<span class="fontstyle0">Introduction</span><span class="fontstyle1">. At all times, the ranks of counterfeiters<br />were attracted by representatives of various professions,<br />nationalities, and social classes. There are also known<br />counterfeiters from among the peasants.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Purpose</span><span class="fontstyle1">. The purpose of the study is to determine<br />the role of the peasantry in the processes associated<br />with the forgery and sale of counterfeit money, based<br />on previously unpublished archival sources and<br />newspapers.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Originality</span><span class="fontstyle1">. The peculiarity of this research is the<br />use of comparative and critical analysis of the<br />previously unpublished archival documents as the main<br />source of the study.<br /></span><span class="fontstyle0">Conclusion</span><span class="fontstyle1">. In the publications of newspapers of<br />the XIX century we have find evidence of peasants’<br />involvement in the production of the counterfeit money.<br />For the first half of the XIX century, due to the rise in<br />price of copper, a popular form of crime against the<br />money supply was the melting conversion of circulating<br />coins into ingots. This process was more typical of the<br />countryside and persecuted by the state. The most<br />frequent references in archival sources to the rural<br />population in the focus of the problem of counterfeiting<br />money in Ukraine in the imperial era are in cases of<br />detecting counterfeits among the paid taxes. The<br />peasantry was less protected and was in danger of<br />receiving counterfeit money and suffering losses. For a<br />long time, they were mostly illiterate and engaged in<br />buying and selling, collecting and paying taxes, the</span> <br /><span class="fontstyle0">peasants also consulted among themselves for the<br />protection of counterfeiting. Often, because of the<br />inability to spot counterfeit money, it was possible to<br />rotate between peasants for a long time. There are<br />known cases of long episodes of counterfeiting until<br />the moment of detection.<br />The rural population was not only attractive to<br />counterfeiters for sailing the frauds. Adventurers were<br />attracted by the possibility of being uncovered in<br />sparsely populated areas, in organized secret<br />workshops outside the cities, the risk of detection and<br />suspicion of coin production was reduced. It was much<br />more difficult to make it unnoticed to organize the<br />production of counterfeit coins in cities. As the subjects<br />of the counterfeit have become also a variety of different<br />documents and securities that could make life easier or<br />make a profit for individuals. Prior to the abolition of<br />serfdom, cases of falsification of documents that were in<br />demand among the peasants of fugitive landlords were<br />a common form of falsification.<br />Since the beginning of the World War I, the<br />monetary system has changed completely and other<br />types of counterfeiting have also emerged, becoming a<br />new threat for the peasantry</span> <br /><br /><br />}, number={23}, journal={Ukrainian Peasant}, author={А. С. Бойко-Гагарін, А. С.}, year={2020}, month={Aug.} }